Cardiophile Electrophysiology http://www.cardiophile.net Blog devoted to Cardiac Electrophysiology Fellows Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:26:52 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=2.9.2 en hourly 1 Osler’s sign http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/oslers-sign.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/oslers-sign.html#comments Thu, 24 Sep 2009 15:44:46 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3408 Osler’s sign is seen with:

a. Pseudohypertension
b. White coat hypertension
c. Postural orthostatic tachycardia
d. Postural hypotension

Answer: a

Osler’s sign is the palpability of the radial artery after occluding the brachial artery by compression. This indicates a thickened arterial wall and can cause falsely high blood pressure to be recorded by a sphygmomanometer due to poor compressiblity of the arteries with the cuff.

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/oslers-sign.html/feed 0 NYHA Class II http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/nyha-class-ii.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/nyha-class-ii.html#comments Thu, 24 Sep 2009 15:42:37 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3406 [...]]]> NYHA Class II corresponds to the following level on Goldman Specific Activity Scale:

a. More than 7 METS
b. 5 – 7 METS
c. 2 – 5 METS
d. Less than 2 METS

Answer: b

Goldman specific activity scale (Goldman L et al. Circulation. 1981; 64:1227-34) corresponds to NYHA Class ~ in the following steps:

NYHA Class I : > 7 METS
NYHA Class II : 5-7 METS
NYHA Class III: 2-5 METS
NYHA Class IV : < 2 METS

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/nyha-class-ii.html/feed 0 Kussmaul sign http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/kussmaul-sign.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/kussmaul-sign.html#comments Thu, 24 Sep 2009 15:40:41 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3404 Kussmaul sign in JVP may seen in all of the following except:

a. Cardiac tamponade
b. Right ventricular infarction
c. Constrictive pericarditis
d. Pulmonary embolism

Answer: a

Kussmaul sign occurs in conditions reduced right ventricular compliance or right sided volume over load. It is seldom seen in pericardial effusion with or without tamponade. Right ventricular infarction would be the commonest cause considering its frequency compared to other conditions.

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/kussmaul-sign.html/feed 0 Korotkoff sounds http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/korotkoff-sounds.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/korotkoff-sounds.html#comments Thu, 24 Sep 2009 15:37:21 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3402 Phase 4 of Korotkoff sounds are taken into consideration while recording blood pressure in all of the following conditions except:

a. Pregnancy
b. Chronic severe aortic regurgitation
c. Secondary hypertension
d. Children

Answer: c

Korotkoff sounds may be heard even up to 0 mm Hg in some of these conditions.

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/korotkoff-sounds.html/feed 0 Familial myxoma http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/familial-myxoma-2.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/familial-myxoma-2.html#comments Thu, 24 Sep 2009 15:30:27 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3396 Familial myxoma is part of:

a. Carney complex
b. Down syndrome
c. Holt Oram syndrome
d. Eisenmenger complex

Answer: a

Carney complex constitutes about 10% of cardiac myxomas and is an autosomal dominant disorder. Myxomas may occur at multiple sites and recur even after complete surgical removal. Lentiginosis, hyperpigmentation and endocrine dysfunction may be associated.

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/familial-myxoma-2.html/feed 0 CMV vs BMV http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/cmv-vs-bmv-2.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/cmv-vs-bmv-2.html#comments Thu, 24 Sep 2009 00:32:41 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3394 Difference in X-ray chest finding between mitral restenosis after closed mitral valvotomy vs restenosis after balloon mitral valvotomy:

a. Absence of double atrial contour of left atrial enlargement
b. Absence of features of pulmonary arterial hypertension
c. Absence of features of pulmonary venous hypertension
d. Absence of a prominent left atrial appendage shadow

Answer: d

Left atrial appendage is amputated during closed mitral valvotomy as it is an important site for thrombus formation. Hence prominence of left atrial appendage shadow is unlikely in mitral restenosis after closed mitral valvotomy.

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/cmv-vs-bmv-2.html/feed 0 Anisosphygmia http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/anisosphygmia-2.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/anisosphygmia-2.html#comments Thu, 24 Sep 2009 00:32:02 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3391 Anisosphygmia may be seen in all of the following except:

a. Supra valvar aortic stenosis
b. Aortic dissection
c. Takayasu arteritis
d. Aortic regurgitation

Answer: d

Anisosphygmia or difference in the pulse volume / systolic pressure between two sides can occur in aortic dissection, Takayasu arteritis and supra valvar aortic stenosis. In supra valvar aortic stenosis it is due to the direction of the jet to the right (Coanda effect).

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/anisosphygmia-2.html/feed 0 Wenckebach’s AV block http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/wenckebach%e2%80%99s-av-block.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/wenckebach%e2%80%99s-av-block.html#comments Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:59:32 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3385 Wenckebach’s AV block is characterised by all of the following except:

a. Progressive prolongation of PR interval followed by a dropped QRS
b. Progressive shortening of RR interval
c. Incremental increments in PR interval
d. Longest RR interval is less than twice the shortest RR interval

Answer: c

The increments in PR interval in Wenckebach’s AV block are decremental. This is the reason for the progressive shortening of RR intervals.

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/wenckebach%e2%80%99s-av-block.html/feed 0 Venous Corrigan http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/venous-corrigan.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/venous-corrigan.html#comments Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:56:36 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3382 Venous Corrigan is seen in:

a. Aortic regurgitation
b. Mitral regurgitation
c. Pulmonary regurgitaton
d. Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer: d

Venous Corrigan is the name given to the prominent V wave (also called the CV wave) seen in the jugular venous pulse in tricuspid regurgitation. Corrigan’s sign is the prominent carotid pulsation seen in aortic regurgitation.

]]> http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/venous-corrigan.html/feed 0 Types of right ventricular hypertrophy http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/types-of-right-ventricular-hypertrophy.html http://www.cardiophile.net/2009/09/types-of-right-ventricular-hypertrophy.html#comments Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:53:49 +0000 Johnson Francis http://www.cardiophile.net/?p=3380 Type A right ventricular hypertrophy is characterised by:

a. Deep S wave in V1 with tall R wave in V6
b. Dominant R wave in V1 and deep S wave in V6
c. Dominant R wave in V1 without deep S wave in V6
d. Deep S wave in V6 without dominant R wave in V1

Answer: b

Dominant R wave in V1 and deep S wave in V6 (Option B: Type B RVH; Option C: Type C RVH; Option D: LVH)

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