Cardiophile MD Archive

Chromosome 9p21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with risk for coronary artery disease. Transcripts EU741058 and NR_003529 of annotated antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) are involved in the risk of coronary artery disease. The association of chromosome 9p21 and coronary artery disease has been shown several independent populations. A recent [...]

Paget-Schrotter syndrome is the spontaneous thrombosis of the deep veins of the upper limb – axillary or subclavian vein.The syndrome was described independently by Von-Schrotter in 1884 and by Paget in 1875.  Paget-Schrotter syndrome is also known as effort thrombosis because it is often associated with activities involving hyperabduction of the upper limbs. Sudden jerky [...]

Post-thrombotic syndrome develops after a deep vein thrombosis. Post-thrombotic syndrome is characterised by swelling, stasis dermatitis, ulceration and venous claudication of the affected limb. Treatment of deep vein thrombosis reduces the risk of development of post-thrombotic syndrome. The prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome is one of the important aims of treatment of deep vein thrombosis, the [...]

Anatomical considerations of the mitral valve are important while considering mitral valve repair either surgically or by percutaneous trans catheter techniques. The mitral valve complex consists of the mitral annulus, mitral valve leaflets, the chordae tendinae and the papillary muscles. The mitral leaflets are the anterior and posterior leaflets. Scallops of the mitral valve The [...]

M-mode echocardiogram at mitral valve level M-mode echocardiogram at the level of mitral valve showing the early diastolic E wave and the atrial systolic A wave. The left ventricle (LV) is dilated and the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) contractions are reduced. The distance from the E point of the mitral valve and interventricular septum [...]