Mitral valveValve between the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body is the valve between the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart (upper chamber of the heart) and the left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body (lower muscular chamber of the heart). It is named so because of the resemblance to the headware of a bishop (mitre). Stenosid means narrowing of the orifice of the valve. Hence mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) is the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valveValve between the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body producing an obstruction to the free filling of the left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body as it relaxes after a contraction. The commonest cause of mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) is rheumatic fever. CongenitalPresent at birth mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) (mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) present from birth as a congenitalPresent at birth anomaly) occurs in a very small group and other casues are extremely rare. Hence if mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) is documented, especially in the developing countries, it is most often of rheumatic etiologyCause, usually of a disease (cause). Mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) is considered severe if the valve area is less than 1 sq cm in an adult. An area more than 1.5 sq cm is consiered mild and between 1.5 and 1sq cm as moderate. Normal mitral valveValve between the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body has an area of around 5 sq cm and mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) is said exist when the valve area is less than 2 sq cm.
As the mitral valveValve between the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body becomes narrow, the pressure in the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and consequently that in the pulmonaryrelated to the lung veins (blood vessels draining oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart) and capillariesSmall blood vessels connecting arteries and veins (small blood vessels connecting arteries and veins) rise. When the pulmonaryrelated to the lung capillary pressure reaches above 25 mm Hg, there is a chance for transudation (movement of fluid across the wall of the vessel) of fluid into pulmonaryrelated to the lung alveoliSmall air chambers of the lung (small air chambers of the lung). This is known as pulmonaryrelated to the lung edemaCollection of fluid in the small air chambers of the lung (collection of fluid in the small air chambers of the lung) and causes severe breathlessness. To begin with this occurs only during exercise while later on when the severity of mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) increases, this can occur at rest as well. Usually this occurs when the mitral valveValve between the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body area has gone below 1 sq cm. Hence a valve area less than 1 sq cm constitutes critical mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel). When the pulmonaryrelated to the lung capillary pressure is chronicallyOver a long period (over a long period) elevated, it leads to reactive pulmonaryrelated to the lung arterial hypertensionIncrease in blood pressurehigh blood pressure (increase in pressure in the pulmonaryrelated to the lung arteries, the vessels which carry blood from right ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body to the lungs) and right ventricular failure as a consequence.
The modern treatment of mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) is balloon mitral valvotomyOpening up of the narrowed valve (opening up of the narrowed valve) if the valve is pliable and non-calcifiedHardened with increased calcium content. If the valve is calcifiedHardened with increased calcium content (hardened with increased calcium content), attempts of balloon valvotomyOpening up of the narrowed valve may sometimes result in severe mitral regurgitationLeakage of the valve causing back flow of blood (leakage of the valve) due to leaflet tear. This mandates urgent valve replacement. Hence elective mitral valveValve between the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and left ventricleThe lower thick walled chambers of the heart (left and right) which receive blood from the atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and pump out into the body replacement is often resorted to in calcific mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel).
Abnormal rhythm of the heart known as atrialRelated to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) fibrillationIrregular fast rhythm originating from the upper chamber of the heart can occur in long standing mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) as the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart becomes grossly dilated (enlarged). In atrialRelated to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) fibrillationIrregular fast rhythm originating from the upper chamber of the heart, which is a rapid, irregular fine contraction of the atria due to very fast atrialRelated to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) electrical activity, there is no effective atrialRelated to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) pump function and a virtual atrialRelated to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) stand still. This leads to stagnation of blood in the left atriumUpper thin walled chambers of the heart (left and right). They receive the blood returning to the heart and a tendency to clot formation. Clots can get dislodged from the atrialRelated to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) wall and carried by the blood circulation into other parts of the body. This process is known as embolismTransportation of a material within a blood vessel or heart to another location by blood flow. e.g. a small clot from the heart moves out and blocks a small blood vessel somewhere in the body and can lead on to severe conditions like strokeSudden weakness of a side or a limb due to either loss of blood supply to a region of the brain or bleeding within the brain,if it occludes a blood vessel of the brain. Mitral stenosisNarrowing (of a valve or blood vessel) patients with atrialRelated to the atrium (upper chamber of the heart) fibrillationIrregular fast rhythm originating from the upper chamber of the heart need medications to prevent clot formation known as anticoagulants. Clotting function of the blood has to be monitored regularly while taking these medications in order to prevent excessive dosage and bleeding manifestations.
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